Properties of Light free essay sample

A drop of isopropyl alcohol will absorb light energy of different colors, and the evaporation rate of the alcohol will be measured. The key to this lab is the evaporation rate is directly related to the energy of the light shining on the drop. Materials: * * LEDs and circuits (from previous lab) * Pipette (or eyedropper) * Rubbing alcohol Index card * 9-volt battery * Flashlight * Stopwatch * Small cardboard box (shoe box) Procedures: A three-sided enclosure from the cardboard box was made. This created a location for applying light from the LED to the drop of alcohol while minimizing the effect of air currents on the evaporation rate. The eyedropper was used to place a single drop of isopropyl alcohol on an index card within the enclosure. The same size drop was used each time the step was repeated. The time it takes for the drop to evaporate without the LED present was recorded. The dark spot on the card caused by the alcohol was no longer visible. We will write a custom essay sample on Properties of Light or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A flashlight was used to help with the observance of the dark spot. The evaporation time was recorded. The same procedure was repeated for the different colored LEDs over the alcohol drop. The current through each LED and the distance from the LED to the drop of alcohol was the same for each run. The procedure for each color of LED was repeated at least 10 times and an average time of evaporation for each color was calculated. A graph of evaporation time versus frequency of the LED was then made. The red light has a lower energy than the violet light that’s at the end of the spectrum. The frequency of the light increases as the color of the light changes from red to violet. Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional, which causes the wavelength to decrease as the color changes from red to violet (Hewitt, pg. 520). Depending on the color of the light, the wavelength can range from 710-5 cm (red) to 410-5 cm (violet), but all electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of light. The frequency of the light, which is the number of wavelengths per seconds is calculated using the equation C=LN. L is the wavelength, N is the frequency, and C is the speed of light (Library Thinking Quest). From the observations collected, the red LED light took the longest to dry the drop of alcohol and the blue dried it the fastest. Since the red light is on the lower end of the electromagnetic spectrum is used the lowest amount of energy. Just by looking at the brightness of the light, this conclusion was made but reassured after doing some research. The red light was very dim and faint compared to the brightness of the green and the blue. The blue was the brightest of the lights. This light used the most energy and is one of the farthest on the spectrum beside violet. Since the frequency of light increases as the color of light moves down the spectrum, the red light has the smallest frequency of 4. 2*10-14, green has middle frequency of 5. 66*10-14 and blue has the largest frequency of 6. 37*10-14. The frequency is directly proportional to the energy produced by each of the light, which is shown in the graph above. The blue light had the highest frequency and that used the most ener gy. The red LED used the least amount of energy because it had the lowest frequency. The greater the frequency caused the alcohol to dry faster since it used more heat (energy) at one time. Light energy and frequency are directly related in the real world also. Typically since red lights have less energy than blues lights, blue objects are said to be hotter. In 1923, American astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) made an astounding discovery. As Hubble observed, the light waves from distant galaxies are shifted to the red end, and he reasoned that this must mean those galaxies are moving away from the Milky Way. These observations concluded that something that showed red was moving away from its observer. The laws of thermodynamics state that where heat is involved, the movement is always away from an area of high temperature and toward an area of low temperature. Heated molecules that reflect red light are areas that are moving toward an area of low temperature. Molecules of low temperature reflect bluish or purple light because the tendency of heat is to move toward them. Fire, for example, it lets off heat to keep people warm. The color of fire is mostly red and orange. These colors are at the lower end of the spectrum of light. The reason why fire is the color red is because; red gives off the lowest amount of energy because it has the lowest frequency. Fire can be used in many different ways in the world without using mass amount of energy to heat things up. As mentioned in the lab from last week, the alligator clips caused a lot of issues with holing the connections together. A better material would be the connection covers where the wires go inside a little tube and are squeezed together at each end to insure security.

Compare and Contrast Puritan Life With Todays Society Essay

Compare and Contrast Puritan Life With Todays Society Essay Free Online Research Papers Compare and Contrast Puritan Life With Todays Society Essay The English Reformation had an origin in its roots which was puritanism. When King Henry VIII stoped being with Roman Catholicism, his daughter, Elizabeth I formed the Anglican church. The Anglican Church was a chuch free of Catholicism and there was no Catholicism control over it, but many members of the Church felt that it had kept too much of the Catholic ritual and tradition. Anyone that believed that there was still much Catholicism was a purtian, beacase a puritan was someone that wated to purify the Anglican church by getting rid of all Catholicism . Puritans believed that everyone should experience God directly through faith, prayer, and studying the Bible. A new group was made as certain puritans wanted to reform the Anglican church but many puritans didnt think that would have been possible, so they formed an independent congegration with their own minister known as Seperatists. When puritans were able to establish a new conolony in Massachusetts Bay, they were unsuccessfull of creating a social equality or political democracy. Most puritans didnt even try to work on democracy, the puritans were satisfied enough of having to vote every year for members to make laws, which eventually turned out to be the government. While this system of government was running, the government and church became tight friends. Both the church and the government have made laws that drunkenness, swearing, theft, and idlenss were terrible sins. Puritans were very strict about having a family, families were almost always being observed by other people, to make sure everything was going allright. If parents didnt discipline their children properly then their childrens would go to â€Å"God-fearing† homes which was absolutely horrible. Whenever there would be too much quarrel between a wife and a husband, then most of the time the communtiy would take action against them and take them to court for their wrong actions. Puritans always made sure that their environment was going well, and that their community was â€Å"perfect† in a sense that everyone worked hard, disciplined, did what they were suppose to do. Puritans were into working hard, and when a family would get a child they wouldnt really care about the action of the kid untill it became 7 years old. Once a child reaches age 7, he/she had to be disciplined very strict. Puritans always held religous sermons and had large plantations were they grew the ir food. Today in modern’s society, life is totally different. Depending what country in the world a person lives in or how rich or poor a person is, is a big effect on modern society. In Austria, when children are born, their respective parents take care of them from the time they are born to the time they are left alone, or when they are dead. Children also have the freedom to go outside and play with others, no matter what age they are, they dont always have to work everyday hard, or they dont have to have a religion. Parents will usually give their children the freedom to choose what they think is the right way, and they will always love their kids, no matter what they do. They will also punish their children if he/she does anything bad, but they wont convict their own child to the public that he/she is a sinner. When they get punished, parents would ground them for a specific time, or have them do some small job, compared to the puritans, they would have to work on the field all day or do some kind of an extreme job. Parents in the modern society, usually work about 8 hours a day and most likely 5 days a week. They get a pay check and they can take any job that would best fit them and that they most enjoy to work. Puritans had to work on the field the whole day, and possibly 7 days a week with no break. Modern society has made the life for humans a lot easier, by having technology advace, increasing life styles, having people be able to entertain them anytime they want. The people can also feel safe, since there are a lot of laws that protect them from crimes, and in case of a crime, there are securities, cops, some one provided by the government to help anyone that is in need. Puritans would rely on the bible, and have faith in everyone that they wouldnt commit a crime, and be as â€Å"perfect† as possible, which in modern society is not the case. People have different religions and think different ways, they also come from different countries and are taught differently than other, which means that most people cant rely on others being â€Å"perfect†. Modern society is also very different from the early purtian life by technology. Technology makes almost any society unique, providing people with homes, electricity, a clean city, warming, entertainment, etc Technology has made the life of many people easier, machines would do almost all the hardwork while humans would do easy jobs. Puritans had to work all day in the hot sun farming, and had to continously do loads of other hard work which made their lives hard and tough, while machines for modern society made lives simple. Life in modern society is a lot easier than the puritan life, but there isnt as much â€Å"love†, or respect, discipline, etc as there was in the puritan life. Puritans were all well trained and strictly followed their religion, while most others dont really bother about what religion they have in modern society. Life in modern society can vary from country to country, it can either be good or bad, and depending on how hard you work, life can be miserable or happy. Similar to the puritan society, the harder a person works the more fulfilled the persons life is, but in modern society it usually is that the harder a person works, the more money he/she would get which a person can live more luxury and will be happier. Life between puritan and modern society is mostly different in many ways, but there are also similarities. Modern society has also accepted a few life styles from the puritans and also have changed a lot of that life style. Every person also has their own thoughts about how modern society is lived by, because it is lived in so many different ways, compared to the puritans, which they basically did only the same thing everyday. Research Papers on Compare and Contrast Puritan Life With Todays Society EssayQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentBringing Democracy to AfricaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Bob Knowlton Self Concept

Analysis As part of the analysis we examine Bob’s Self-Concept and the following characteristics with regards to complexity, consistency and clarity. Bob’s locus of control is also considered and the impact this had on his relationships at work with his colleagues. Fester’s individualism is also considered. Bob’s Self Concept Bob’s Low Self-Concept Complexity Bob has a low complexity as he perceives his most important identity to be work related – he defined his self-concept by his work. The positive side of Bob’s low complexity enabled him to become a relatively successful, skilled engineering, as he invested more in his skill development and focused his attention on his work. However, the low complexity caused Bob great stress when his main self-concept, defined by his work), was threatened by the arrival of Fester, a much more brilliant, driven engineer. Bob perceived Fester’s arrival as a threat by challenging all aspects of Bob’s self-concept, not only his technical expertise, but also Bob’s leadership of the team when Fester became the informal leader by default as Bob conceded defeat and essentially abandoned his role as group leader. Bob’s Low Self-Concept Consistency Bob’s has a low self-concept consistency. Bob’s leadership style was focused on teamwork and collaboration and he prided himself on motivating his team by including them in group problem solving and decision making. However, this self-concept was inconsistent with how Bob really perceived himself and the disconnect present between his position as team leader and his ability to lead. Bob acknowledged to himself that the team’s collaborative style brought him a sense of security in that he did not actually have to lead the team. Bob focuses on the team to the exclusion of his leadership role essentially using his team to mask his insecurities with respect to his ability to lead. Another example of Bob’s low inconsistent self-concept is his accepting Dr. Jerold’s praising of Fester, when he clearly did not agree. Bob’s Low Self-Concept Clarity Bob has low self-concept clarity; he does not have a clear, confidently defined, stable self-concept. This is apparent early in the case as evidenced by his belief that his â€Å"stumbling upon† a significant breakthrough led to what he considered his â€Å"miraculous† promotion to team leader of the Photon Unit rather than it being based on his skills and abilities. Bob lacks the confidence to deal with Fester, who he perceives as more brilliant and driven. As the case progresses and Fester brings group conflict and openly challenges Bob’s leadership, we see Bob become inconsistent with his behavior. Fester challenges Bob’s collaborative approach with the team and Bob’s lack of confidence meant that he in essence surrendering his leadership by agreeing to re-examine how the team works together and make it about individual updates. Bob’s Locus of Control and Self-Evaluation Given Bob’s behaviors and reaction to Fester, Bob has a low locus of control and is externally motivated. Bob didn’t feel in control of his environment and was unwilling or unable to take steps to control the environment. We have seen that Bob already believes he received the promotion because of external â€Å"miraculous† forces. Although initially, he does feel he has control as team leader, his underlying external focus of control becomes more apparent when Fester is introduced to the group. Fester’s group interactions and individuality presents a new situation for Bob. Bob internalizes the conflict with Fester and openly wonders if he is there to replace him, causing Bob a great deal of stress as he feels he does not have control over the situation. The situation quickly deteriorates as Bob visibility and relevance to the team are diminished and Fester’s increases. Bob’s Self-Concept Conclusion Bob’s low or negative Self-Concept (low complexity, consistency and clarity) greatly influenced Bob’s behaviour and ultimately his decision to resign. Bob’s low self-concept created a great deal of stress and he experienced immense amount of internal-intra personal conflict and tension. Bob’s low Self-Concept meant that Bob could not adapt to what he perceived as threats outside his control. His perceived inadequacies meant that he was not able to face the issues and overwhelming internal conflict he was experiencing. He consistently avoided confronting any of the issues and thus the only action he could take to release himself of this conflict was to resign. Fester’s Individuality and Group Norms Fester is introduced to the group unexpectedly and although initially helps the team solve a problem previously thought to be unsolvable; he goes against established group norms and almost immediately creates conflict. Fester is clearly â€Å"more brilliant† than any of the team members and his individual approach is in direct contrast to the team –based, collaborative approach establish by Bob. He challenges the group norms directly, suggesting the team meetings are a waste of time and is openly dismissive of others. Fester is very confident in his abilities but lacked the social skills to integrate successfully into the group. Although Fester individuality isolated him from the rest of the group, he dominated the leadership of the group to the point of essentially forcing Bob to change the structure of team meetings, from teamwork based to individual updates. This reinforced Fester’s individual approach. Fester’s individuality influenced the group, and particularly his negative influence on Bob grew and went unchallenged, and the conflict it brought ultimately had a negative impact on the Photon team and Simmons. Recommendations 1. Jerrold should meet with Bob and find out the true reasons for Bob’s resignation. Jerrold should ask Bob to return to Simmons by telling him of the plan to increase Bob’s team and offer Bob a substantial raise to return to Simmons. 2. Jerrold should consider undergoing leadership and communication skills training to help him develop the prerequisite skills to manage his teams effectively. 3. Jerrold should become more involved with the teams under his leadership, through developing a clear and compelling direction for the team and ensure his articulates that directly to this team. 4. Jerrold should strive to increase communication and participate in regular team meetings and incorporate individual meetings to ensure his is aware of and understands any issues or concerns. 5. In the future, the team leader (Bob’s replacement) is included in the recruitment and selection of new team members. 6. Dr. Jerold should meet with the Photon team members individually to gain an understanding of how the situation affected the team and get their feedback on what their needs. Team building and intergroup communication skills should then be introduced to ensure team members have the tools to work effectively together.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 72

Reflection - Essay Example The mechanism of the cell cycle also provided an in-depth perspective on the occurrence of cancer (Morgan, 2007). Cancers of various body parts including the skin and breast are among the leading causes of death. This course has broadened my understanding of the disease and brought the realization that the introduction of certain changes to the genetic makeup of cells causes them to proliferate abnormally thereby leading to cancer. I have also understood that cancer seems to progress faster because cancerous cells divide faster than normal cells. Additionally, approximately 90% of cancerous cells are preparing for division at any given time. While researching topics related to cancer, I learned that environmental and genetic factors predisposed individuals to cancers. The environmental aspect included exposure to carcinogenic substances, which interfered with the genetic makeup of cells and led to the formation of abnormal cancerous cells. On the other hand, the genetic aspect meant that certain individuals possessed certain inherent genetic traits that increased their susceptibility to cancer. We cannot control our inherent genetic makeup, but we can limit exposure to carcinogenic substances.The course has taught me to protect myself from cancer by avoiding substances such as skin lightening products, unnecessary exposure to ultra violet rays, among many other substances. Various oncology societies advocate for early treatment of cancers, which can only be possible if the disease is detected early enough before it advances. As a result, individuals are required to have regular screening for various forms of cancers. For example, women of certain ages need to have annual breast cancer screening. I advocate for such practices because they improve the treatment of cancer. In addition, they prevent the metastasis of the cancerous cells into other parts of the body

Sustainable Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sustainable Marketing - Essay Example In order to successfully deliver a competitive market, most of the companies do pass their products through the environmental effect that their products might be having; once it is clear in a particular area if sustainable marketing is effective in the overall goal of the company as whole. (Binswanger, H. 1994) This will lead to the overall improvement in the achievement of all the set objective, visions, missions and goals of a particular business despite the existing challenges in the market. Critical analysis of sustainability marketing; The main objective of sustainable marketing is not to influence consumers into a buying green; instead it practically presents clear information that the product life cycle has greatly impacted the Business environment and leaves the decision with the customer to make the final choice. This is because marketing is about creating consumer but not forcing or luring them to make consumption choices. An advantage received by implementing a sustainable marketing technique is that; it helps the company to reduce the company’s carbon footprint, crating and developing an effective sustainability as well as convincing more people about the general company intension in serving the customers by having minimum environmental burden as much as possible. There are five main key elements of a sustainable market which are follows; Delivers marketing activities which create an ongoing growth; Since most Businesses have limited capital resources, human labor and finances, then there is need to focus on only top performing market activities by using an aggressive market growth strategy so as to achieve a bigger market growth and also by adopting a powerful growth strategy for a new or an emerging market. Influence other businesses also to adopt sustainable marketing practice; Suitable marketing can effectively help the Business owner to create a bigger impact by influencing employees to adopt such a sustainable market business practice ( Iwata, O. (1997). For example a new climate change initiative can help others comprehend how they can easily make a positive difference in the flight against any climatic changes. Easy to embed the sustainable Business practice into the business strategy; Measurable goals should be set by listing the key activities to be undertaken so as to competently achieve these set goals by making sure that all the senior personnel’s are responsible for effective goal achievement. (Fuller.1999). Some of these sustainable business practices are, sustainable budget which helps in ensuring financial sustainability and creation of strong relationship between the customers, staff other businesses and the community as a whole (Anderson, A R. 1995). There is need to support and help sustainable business so as to see them grow; a very important aspect of sustainable marketing is promotion which helps in developing and implementing the market plan as well as brand strategies to facilitate busines s growth. Conclusion; Having discussed the concept of Suitable marketing, then is quite

Falconry Essay Example for Free

Falconry Essay Falconry, also known as hawking, is a form of hunting which involves the use of trained hawks and falcons to prey on other animals. Falconry may be considered one of the oldest sports, dating back over 4,000 years ago in Egypt and China that is still practiced today. Falconry was considered a status symbol, restricted to noble classes, in medieval Europe and a way of obtaining food. Falconry still exists today with more than 3,800 licensed falconers in the United States. Historically, falconry was not only a popular sport but was considered a status symbol among the aristocracy of medieval Europe. Legend has it that a Persian King watched a falcon kill another bird and ordered his men to capture the falcon. The king kept the falcon with him at all times, learned many lessons from it and was considered the first falconer. The origin of falconry can be traced back to 2000 BC through ancient writings, drawings and artifacts. There is debate as to when and where falconry originated, however, some historians place its origin in Asia around the second century A. D. and then spread west, while other historians place the origin in Arabia or the Middle East based on records dated 8,000 BC, found of a king who used birds of prey. It is known that by the fourth century, falconry had spread through Western Europe and Britain. Most of the information about falconry comes from its popularity in medieval Europe and the Middle East during the middle ages. The sport of falconry began to decline in popularity during the 1700 and 1 +-*. 800s because of the decline of nobility and the increased use of firearms to kill animals for food and for sport. However, by the 1900s, its popularity was renewed and the largest falconry association, the Peregrine Blub was established in the United States. Falconry is now legal in the United States in all states except Hawaii and the District of Columbia. State and federal licenses are required to practice this sport. Falconry not only exists today in the United States but also is practiced throughout the world. Originally, the purpose of falconry was to obtain food to eat, however, nobility (Kings of Britain, Russian Czars and the Holy roman Emperors) shifted this purpose to one of social entertainment. Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Sicily and Jerusalem was considered to be the greatest falconer of the medieval age. Falconry became so popular that it became regulated with a strict set of customs called the Laws of Ownership. These laws dictated what type of birds could be owned by various social ranks. The table shown below gives a partial listing of social rank and appropriate bird. There were also severe punishments including time in jail to anyone who harmed a falcon’s bird nest, eggs, and young or took a falcon from the wild that did not belong to you. One of the most severe punishments was given to a person who flew a bird above what your rank permitted. This punishment was having your hand cut off. Social rank and appropriate bird (adapted from original table) King| Gyr Falcon| Prince| Peregrine Falcon| Knight| Saker| Squire| Lanner| Lady| Female Merlin| Priest| Female Sparrowhawk| Knaves, servants, children| Kestrel| Adapted from The Ancient Art of Falconry The players in this sport are the falconer and his or her raptor. The falconer is the person that handles or trains the raptor. Their principle responsibilities were to ensure that his master’s birds of prey, raptors, were fully trained, well-fed and ready to hunt when called upon. The raptor is a bird of prey with a hooked beak for tearing meat, and powerful, hooked talons for grasping and holding prey. Not all raptors are suitable for falconry. Suitable raptors can be grouped by the way they are flown at the prey and are divided into three categories: broad-winged hawks, short-wing hawks and long-wing hawks. The broad-wing hawks (Buteos) include the Golden Eagles, Buzzards and Harris hawk that hunt rabbits and other ground game. They are also known as the â€Å"bombers†. The short-wing hawks (Accipiters) are used to hunt other birds in wooded or bushy terrain and include goshawks. They are called the â€Å"attack helicopters. † The long-winged hawks, considered the â€Å"true† falcons, are considered the â€Å"fighter jets. † They hunt other birds, such as waterfowl in open country. The Peregrine Falcons, Gyrfalcon, Lanner Falcon and the American Kestrel are included in this group. The different physical characteristics of these raptors allow the hunter to vary his or her hunting method. Each of the various physical characteristics allows adaptation to their hunting environment. The buteos will usually perch in high trees and then dive on the prey out in the open, hence the name â€Å"bomber†. Because the Accipiters have short wings, they can easily maneuver and can chase their prey through the various terrains, similar to â€Å"attack helicopters. † The long-winged hawks, â€Å"fighter jets†, circle hundreds of feet in the air and then stoop at very high speeds (averaging 25-34 mph and reaching up to 200 mph) to knock their prey out of the sky using their feet as fists. Broad-winged-buzzardShort-winged-Goshawk Long-winged-Peregrine Falconmonacoeye. com goshawk dove4. jpg mysideofthemountain. wikispaces. com The relationship between the falconer and raptor is very important and training a falcon is not easy. Although the raptor is not a pet, it is trained to accept the presence of their trainer in their natural pursuit of prey. Great skill and patience is involved when training falcons. A falcon responds to its trainer not out of affection or fear but out of the association of a trainer to its only source of food. The first stage of training is called manning. In this stage, the tethered raptor becomes accustomed to being handled and eating food from a gloved hand. During the next stage, a tethered raptor is rewarded with food for flying short distances and returning. The use of a hood on the bird kept the bird calm and prevents distractions while it is preparing to fly. Once a tethered raptor has learned to fly to his trainer consistently, the raptor can be brought out to an open meadow where they are taught to rise from the owner’s wrist on command and gain the experience of hunting. The introduction to the swing-lure is part of this next phase of training. A string is attached to one of the bird’s claws and the bird had circled around it would be reeled in at the falconer’s command. When the raptor makes a kill, the reward is only a small piece of the kill because only hungry raptors hunt. If the raptor is not hungry, it is possible that it will not return to the falconer. One of the misconceptions is that the raptor will bring back its kills to the falconer. The falconer must find his raptor; some use a dog as part of the team, and exchanges a fresh piece of meat for the catch. irportjournals. com Falconry became popular again in America in 1920 after an issue in the National Geographic Magazine published an article â€Å"Falconry, the sport of Kings†. Unfortunately, just as interest in falconry was peaking, the raptors were beginning to die due to synthetic chemical poisons such as DDT. This poison caused reproductive failure in many of the raptor birds including the peregrine falcon. The United States banned the use of DDT and enacted the Endangered Species Act that gave protection to some bird species including the Peregrine Falcon. Two U. S. falconers, Tom Cade and Heinz Meng, began a captive-breeding program to lead repopulation efforts of these endangered species. Their program has been very successful by breeding and releasing thousands of peregrines. The practice of modern day falconry is very similar to traditional falconry with some minor modifications. These modifications include: use of transmitters, type of birds used and the ability to use captive-breed birds. Often transmitters are now placed on the falcon in order to help a falconer locate his bird from several miles away. The type of birds used in modern falconry has increased. Birds such as the Red-Tail and Harris’ Hawk are two new additions that have been successfully used. Finally, ancient falconry required that a falconer trap his own bird from the wild. Today, falconers have the ability to selectively breed and hybridize their own birds. This came about during the time of repopulation efforts of the endangered Peregrine Falcon. Modern day falconry is currently being practiced in many countries around the world including the United States and is legal in all states except Hawaii and in the District of Columbia. The biggest change from traditional falconry is the restraints and legalities under which falconers must practice their sport. A falconer must possess both a state and federal license in addition to serving as an apprentice for 2 years under a licensed falconer. Only at this time, can the falconer possess either an American kestrel or a red-tailed hawk legally. Presently, there are over 10,000 licensed falconers in the United States. Falconry seems like a very interesting sport that I would definitely be interested in learning more about. If I had enough money and time, I might consider becoming a falconer as one of my hobbies.

Hybird Cars Essay -- Gasoline Electric Hybrid Automobiles

A hybrid vehicle uses multiple propulsion systems to provide motive power. This most commonly refers to gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles, which use gasoline (petrol) to power internal-combustion engines (ICEs), and electric batteries to power electric motors. Modern mass-produced hybrids, such as the Toyota Prius, recharge their batteries by capturing kinetic energy via regenerative braking. As well, when cruising or idling, some of the output of the combustion engine is fed to a generator (merely the electric motor(s) running in generator mode[1]) which produces electricity to charge the batteries. This contrasts with all-electric cars which use batteries charged by an external source such as the grid, or a range extending trailer. Nearly all hybrids still require gasoline as their sole fuel source though diesel and other fuels such as ethanol or plant based oils have also seen occasional use. The term hybrid when used in relation with cars also has other uses. Prior to its modern meaning of hybrid propulsion, the word hybrid was used in the United States to mean a vehicle of mixed national origin; generally, a European car fitted with American mechanical components. This meaning has fallen out of use. In the import scene, hybrid was often used to describe an engine swap, such as the common Honda B16 engine into a Honda Civic. Some have also referred to flexible-fuel vehicles as hybrids because they can use a mixture of different fuels Ââ€" typically gasoline and ethanol alcohol fuel. A more recent working prototype was built by Herman Wouk's brother Victor Wouk (known as the Godfather of the Hybrid[2]) into a 1972 Buick Skylark provided by GM for the 1970 Federal Clean Car Incentive Program, but the program was killed by the... ... as a 2007 model. It will be built in Kentucky, USA. Also, Nissan announced the release of the Altima hybrid (technology supplied by Toyota) around 2007. An R.L. Polk survey of 2003 model year cars showed that hybrid car registrations in the United States rose to 43,435 cars, a 25.8 % increase from 2002 numbers. California, the nation's most populous state at one-eighth of the total population, had the most hybrid cars registered: 11,425. The proportionally high number may be partially due to the state's higher gasoline prices and stricter emissions rules, which hybrids generally have little trouble passing. Honda, which offers Insight, Civic and Accord hybrids, sold 26,773 hybrids in the first 11 months of 2004. Toyota has sold a cumulative 306,862 hybrids between 1997 and Nov. 2004 and Honda has sold a total of 81,867 hybrids between 1999 and November 2004.[6]

Banning Performance enhancing Drugs from Sports

At the onset, drugs are chemical substances that can affect the physical body. They are primarily made to treat illness and disease. However, there are some drugs that are used for other purpose beyond treating physical illness. These drugs are commonly known as the social drugs and are usually taken â€Å"to help people to or to give users an enjoyable experience† (Beashel, P. Sibson, A. & Taylor, J. p. 140).While there are social drugs that are illegal, Beashe, Sibson, and Taylor (2001) aptly stated that many of these drugs are available within social institution and can be taken in the context of relaxing experience and enhancing sports performance (p. 140). There is nothing wrong with these so long as these drugs are publicly available which means their uses by the public are allowed by law. In other words, they are particularly not harmful to the physical body. Most of the performance enhancing drugs belongs to the so-called â€Å"social drugs.† They are drugs that are available within social institution and are therefore not particularly harmful to the physical body, hence they should not ban from sports merely in the context of unfair competition since anyone can avail of those drugs within social institution. Currently, all performance enhancing drugs are banned in sports regardless of its positive physical effect. According to Beashel, Sibson, and Taylor, there are some performance enhancing drugs that are harmful but many are not.Doping drugs like Nandrolone, testosterone, stanozolol, clenbuterol have the effect of reducing recovery time to be able to train harder and longer. These drugs also â€Å"increases muscle bulk, strength and endurance when combined regular exercise† (p. 141). These drugs are not harmful when taken correctly or responsibly, their impacts are obviously enhanced through regular exercise. Analgesics (narcotic) like Codeine, Methadone, and heroin are pain killers which their effect â€Å"allows training and c ompeting even when injured† (p.141). Other performance enhancing drugs such as Human growth hormone (HGH), erythropoietin are thought to improve performance, and increase number of red blood cells, which means that more oxygen can be carried to the muscles and endurance is improved. On the other hand, there are some drugs that need to be ban from sports. These drugs are those that are harmful to the physical health. Among these drugs are the Beta blockers. This drug according to Beashel, Sibson, and Taylor â€Å"keep heart rate and blood pressure low (p. 141).While there are some benefit for low heart rate but this is only during the resting time not during the time of extreme activities. This is same with low blood pressure. Low blood pressure means that the does not pump enough which is important when doing extreme activities such as sports competition. Low heart rates may lead to dizziness and weakness in the flow of blood to the brain. Alcohol and tobacco drugs are no dou bt harmful and should be banned as they also contribute to the reducing blood pressure and the heart rate. Banning only harmful drugsSince performance enhancing drugs can be easily identified as harmful and not harmful, the government should ban only those that are harmful but allow with minimal restriction the use of non harmful drugs in sports. Responsible use of these drugs will not pose health problems rather it will enhance the potential of the athlete. Therefore what is needed is for the authorities to come up with better guidelines on the proper and responsible use of these drugs. Banning only harmful drugs will help athletes avoid using the wrong drugs that causes the health problems.Thus, by categorizing harmful and non harmful, health authorities can easily provide necessary guidelines and information that will help the athlete avoid those harmful drugs, and they may be able to identify what type of drugs that they need. Banning all the performance enhancing drugs in sport s is counter productive as it only leads to criminal offense due to substance abuse in the sense that it was use against the existing ban and not against the law concerning public health protection.Allowing athletes to use performance drugs should they decide to do so Given the many hazardous and more dangerous substances that that are practically available to every body such as alcohol and tobacco which are among the top causes of deaths in America and in many parts of the world, it would be unjust to ban athletes from using performance enhancing drugs simply because of isolated case of death relating to the use of such drugs.As it has been argued above, the lack of proper guidelines as to which drugs are harmful and which are not makes it more dangerous for those who really wanted to explore their potential rather than the drugs it self. Athletes who may wish to use such drugs should be given freedom to do so just as anyone who may wish to drink alcohol or they want to smoke they can simply buy tobacco practically anywhere. This is an inherent rights and the essence of the freedom of choice exercise freely by tobacco smokers or the alcoholics.The arguments concerning natural and unnatural enhancement which emphasized that drug enhanced performance is illegitimate is not sound argument every athletes are taking all sorts of drug supplement such as vitamins, pills and so forth, just to keep themselves fit. The Database Book (2004) points out, â€Å"There is nothing â€Å"natural† about taking vitamin pills or wearing whole-body Lycra suits. The book noted that diet, medicine, technology, and even coaching already give an artificial advantage to those athletes who can afford the best of all these aids† (p.88). By allowing athletes to use of performance drugs, it will provide equal playing field for everyone and athletes can compete openly and fairly. Allowing athletes to use performance enhancing drugs if the so wished enhanced the quality of spor ts and the entertainment it provides to the viewing public. Vincent Parrillo (2008) pointed that the most obvious reason why athletes wants to use performance enhancing drugs are â€Å"to become a better athlete and have enhanced sports related outcomes† (p. 263).Parrillo further add that athletes use such substance â€Å"to recover from and prevent injuries, to improve their appearance, and in some cases in response to pressure from coaches† (p. 263). These reasons are not at all subjective and they are valid. Regardless of what others say, athletes are being pressured to do more than they can do with their natural capacity by their coaches to win their games. The argument that allowing athletes to use performance enhancement drugs is like sacrificing the health of the athletes for the sake of better entertainment does not really hold much.With proper information and guidelines on the use of such chemical substances, there is no way that the athlete’s health co uld be sacrificed. It could not be denied that the public enjoys watching high level competition. The public are the tax payers where the money for sports development is coming from and they deserve high level sports. The incidents of deaths among athletes who used performance enhancement drugs can still be considered isolated compared to the deaths caused by alcohol and tobacco.If there is any thing that should be banned in sports it is certainly not those harmful drugs, but first and foremost are tobacco and alcohol and those drugs that are proven harmful to the health not only of the athletes but of everybody. The use of performance enhancing drugs among athletes continued to scandalize different sports competition spawning splinter group of competitors and sports administrators to promote the concept of officially legalizing the use of some of the substances that enhanced performance.Legalizing drugs will not only eliminate the problems of unfair competition but also the shame a nd embarrassment of athletes who may have use the substance not for winning a particular game but for fast recovery from injury to be able to play the next game. Allowing the use of performance enhancing drugs for athletes is very practical and a solution to the conflicting view of what is drugs and what is not. Nigel South (1998) noted that even tea and Coffee â€Å"have both been illegal drugs and vilified, as is alcohol today in Saudi Arabia and a number of other Muslim countries† (p.104) while cannabis and other stimulant drugs â€Å"have been and continue to be not only legal in some parts of the world but also an important aspect of their culture in which they are used† (South, p. 104). Conclusion While most of the authors and important personalities in sports are against the use of drugs in sports, they cannot deny that no matter were the efforts to make sports drug free, it remains the source of scandal and embarrassment not only for the athletes, but also for the nation they represents.Just like the problems of illegal drugs on the street that have never been beaten despite on the war on drugs, the use of performance enhancing drugs will persist so long as the athletes are being pressured to do beyond their capacity in order to win the game. Because of the nature of some drugs and its medical prescription on patient, there will always be an effort to exploit the situation to gain an advantage in sports.Only when athletes are allowed to use such substances should they decide to use them can the fair playing field will be realized. Thus, Athletes should be allowed to use such substances in the name of fairness and high level competitive sports. Reference Beashe, P. Sibson, A. & Taylor, J. (2001) The World of Sport Examined China: Nelson Thornes The Debatabase Book (2004) USA: IDEA Parrillo, V. (2008) Encyclopedia of Social Problems USA: Sage Publication South, N. (1998) Drugs USA: Sage Publication.

Different Theories of Management Essay

Nowadays we have new implementing plans for management. The different theories of management are: classical, behavioral, quantitative and quality management theory, systematic and contingency management theory. The classical management theory focuses on finding the â€Å"one best way† to accomplish and manage task (p. 37,2008. W. Plunkett, R. Attner, G. Allen). The behavioral management theory recognizes employees as individuals with real human needs. It is very important for the manager to establish trusted relationships and value his/her employees. Successful leader will put his staff first. Good communication with employees- key to success! From my personal experience, I had bad first-level management in our department. The most important, I felt that, they are using employees as a machine in the factory, like in old days practices. There were no communication connection between workers and â€Å"the boss†. All they wanted to know your working schedule: â€Å"When are you coming to work or can you stay late today? â€Å" I could not work there for a long time. There was no teamwork feeling and very poor customer service. Now, I have a better place to work, where the leaders appreciate and value you. I definitely have closer relationship with management. Our manager has a good communication skills, she creates a warm, productive atmosphere. We solve problems together as a team. I am proud to say that we only get a positive feedback from our customers. The quantitative management theory uses mathematical tools to help plan, control and analyze nearly everything in an organization. Quality management process is leading to ability to meet the needs of the customers. Total quality comes from satisfied customers. The systems management theory powers that an organization comprises various parts that must perform tasks necessary for the survival and proper functioning of the system as a whole. Human resources management is a core of the organization, because those people responsible for interviewing people and checking their professional skills. The contingency management theory is based on the premise that manager’s preferred actions or approaches depend on the variables of the situations they face (p. 50,2008). Early Management Theories In the past, the old system required the boss to do everything. For example, to manage, planning, processing, thinking, finance and analyze budget. Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) â€Å"The Father of Scientific Management†. Scientific Management theory arose from the need to increase productivity in the U. S. A. especially, where skilled labor was in short supply at the beginning of the twentieth century. The only way to expand productivity was to raise the efficiency of workers. Taylor devised four principles for scientific management theory, which were: 1. The development of a true science of management, 2. The scientific selection and training of workers, 3.  Proper remuneration for fast and high-quality work 4. Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and manager Successful management requires an understanding of the fundamental concepts of effective management techniques and principles. In order to gain such insight, and manage effectively and efficiently, managers must develop an awareness of past management principles, models and theories. From the turn of the 20th Century, the need for a formal management theory was growing evident; organizations required a system to guide managers in an attempt to improve productivity and efficiency of workers. This urgency for a theory saw the development of six major management approaches, the focus of this essay will be on two of the classical management theories; the scientific management theory and the human relations movement. The contributions of both these theories will be examined, followed by an analysis of the similarities and differences that these two theories propose. The last point will see a discussion of the relevance that these two theories have in modern managerial practice.

The Performance of Workplace Management

The Performance of Workplace Management Introduction The performance of every organization is highly determined by its workforce. Employees of any organization determine whether it will attain its goals and objectives by how they contribute towards the output of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Performance of Workplace Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence recognizing the role of the employees towards the success of an organization has made many organizations to view their employees as one of its important asset. According to Honore (2009), the most important assets of a company are not product, money or profit but their employees (p.3). Longeneker (2011) adds that motivating workforce will help to improve the performance of the organization (p.). Many organizations have renewed their commitments to their employees by treating them fairly and with a lot respect. Many companies have come up with different schemes for improv ing working conditions for their workers as payment compensation schemes, holiday leave schemes, trade union participation among others. These efforts are not only happening in local companies but also among multinational corporations that are operating in different parts of the globe. This report analyses the steps that can be taken by a multinational corporation that has taken a strategic plan to improve the performance of its employees through the managers in three countries (India, Australia, and Brazil) where it is operating. Approach MNCs operate in different parts of the globe, which are diverse in so many ways. Different regions where MNCs operate differ in geographical, political, economic, social-cultural, and technological factors.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The corporations have to use multidisciplinary approach when they are giving goods or servi ces in different regions where they operate. For instance these corporations have employed people from all the regions where they operating for effective delivery of their services. For example, a MNC such as Coca cola has branches in almost every country of the world and therefore employ staffs who differ in their culture, beliefs, taboos, race among other differences. Therefore, for the corporation to come up with a scheme that will address the needs their diverse staffs, it needs to be a multidisciplinary approach that will put into consideration their diversity. Employees would also like to associate with an organization that have diverse outlook. As Maxwell and Knox (2009) notes employers branding will help to motivate employees (p.93). However, there stands some basic things required by all employees require and hence the approach will be general in many cases but specific in some cases. Something like good salary and wages will motivate every employee irrespective of their di versity. Good working environment will raise the output of the employees in many organizations despite their differences. Manager can use several approaches to motivate their employees who are working in different regions. These approaches will depend on the circumstances or challenges that workers in a certain region face. One approach may be very appropriate for a certain region but inappropriate for another region. The success of a given approach depends with the region and factors that lowers morale of the employees in that region. Below are some of the approaches that the managers of this MNC may apply to motivate their workers.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Performance of Workplace Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Equal employment opportunities MNC usually employs people from different background in terms of race, sex, culture, and beliefs. As postulated by Wegge, Van Dick, Wecking, and Moltz en (2006) creating a working environment that is objective is very crucial in that kind of setting (p.50). After recruitment, these people are posted to go and work in different regions where the corporation operates. Sometime MNCs may send senior managers to go and coordinate their operations in different regions but recruit local people to work in the junior positions. This creates a very diverse working environment where every staff needs to be comfortable for them to give their best output. Thus creating an environment conducive for all workers is very important in such a setting. No group should be discriminated on any basis in the work place. The corporation needs to treat all the employees equally, irrespective of their race, sex, origin, or beliefs as a way of making every body wanted in the work place. The communication in the work place should be improved to ensure that all the workers are able to communicate with one another effectively despite their diversity. As Jacquel ine and Milton (2009) claim, the language that the leader uses to motivate employees is also very important (p.5). Sharbrough (2006) supports this view by arguing that motivating language is very important in all industries (p.22). Workers from different cultures should be encouraged to develop a sense of understanding and having mutual respect for one another. These will help them to live in harmony with one another in the work place thus creating an environment that enables them to maximize their productivity. Managers of the multicultural organizations ought to promote a culture of mutual respect, teamwork, productivity, and acceptance among its diverse employees.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will help to increase contribution of every person towards achievement of goals and objectives of the organization. The corporation needs to recognize the strength of having a diverse workforce and put all the necessary efforts to maximize their potential. A multicultural leader needs s to balance the needs of the diverse employees and those of the organization. The leader ensures that all employees are treated with dignity and respect they deserve irrespective of their race, sex, origin, and beliefs. The balance is achieved as the managers desire to gain more knowledge and awareness of the diverse group they are leading. Increased knowledge and awareness enhance the understanding of the managers as they continue to learn more about different people they are working with. To enable them to work more effectively, the managers need also to address their personal beliefs, biases, and behaviors that are not in line with the creation of working environment that is value diverse. The y must be willing to move from personal view to professional view and support advocating for procedures and policies that reflect diversity. This will help them to address all inequalities that may be present within the corporation and create a working environment that is conducive for all employees. In this case, the corporation is operating in three countries that have diverse cultures. The cultures of Brazil, Australia, and India are different and if the corporation decides to move its managers from one country to another, they must be willing to embrace diversity for them to be effective in their leadership. Employees in these countries are very diverse, and unless leaders choose to treat all the employees without discrimination, they may not be in a position to maximize the potential in production. It is important for the corporation to recruit employees from all regions irrespective of their country of origin or race. The recruitment process needs to be transparent, fair, and equitable. This is equitability is attained by developing policies and procedures that will enhance diversity in the organization. The procedures should ensure that recruitment, job evaluation and promotion processes are done in a way that respects diversity within the organization. This will minimize cases of biasness in the work place, which will make all the employees comfortable and happy with the way processes are done. If the employees are not comfortable with processes of recruitment, evaluation, and promotion, they will not be willing to give their best to the organization. Many workers will be willing to work hard where they feel that their efforts are well recognized through fair process of job evaluation. If the promotions are not based on a fair evaluation but on other forms of bias such as racial, sex and beliefs, employees will not be willing to support leaders promoted through such process. This will reduce their motivation and hence their productivity in the corporat ion. Employees would like corporation to recruit and evaluate employees through procedures that have no unfair bias, stereotype, and prejudice. Any procedure that fall short of this requirement will not be acceptable among employees, which may end up lowering their morale. Thus, managers of this corporation need to ensure the right procedures and policies are established that will be applied in the countries where they are operating during the process of recruitment, job evaluation, and promotion. Rewarding workforce Rewarding and employees recognition are very important in every organization. As postulated by Anderfuhren, Varone, Giauque, and Ritz (2010) material benefits and appreciation can help to motivate employees in any organization (p.13). Employees both in local and global working environment are always motivated by rewards they get from the organization as well as recognizing their effort. According to Poornima (2009), monetary and non-monetary compensation are very necess ary to retain workers in any organization (p.6). Corporations should look for ways of rewarding their workers for the work they are doing. As Dewhurst, Guthridge, Mohr (2010) contend, individual attention and praise will help to raise the morale of the employees (p.2). These will raise their morale and motivate them to give their best for the benefit of the corporation. These rewards comes in different forms such as bonuses, promotion, job leave and other ways of rewarding employees for the work they are doing. Corporations should come up with programs for recognizing and rewarding their employees as a way of motivating them in the work environment. These programs will enable employees to have fun and celebrate their success making them to appreciate themselves and the corporation they are working with. According to Obilade (2009), employees are also concerned about the performance of the organization they work for (p.9). This recognition programs may include celebrating anniversary of the corporation after sometime, celebrating birthday of workers and recognition of workers who have shown good performance in their duty. Among the many programs available for accrediting an individual’s work, is peer recognition. This program will give workers power to reward their colleagues for the good work they have shown. Workers are more likely to support such a program because they will feel recognized and again they know the performance of each other well and who deserve to be recognized. Again, managers and supervisors are not around at all the time to know who is performing his or her duty more than the others are. Workers can even be told to nominate the person whom they feel deserve to be rewarded for his or her work. Actually, letting workers to select amongst themselves the one to receive a reward instills the feeling of usefulness as they feel involved in major issues and so they become part of the company. Such employee driven programs come in handy as to ols to motivating workers given that they (the programs) are easy to implement and run. After all, they will raise the morale of the employees to work hard to achieve simple rewards such as time off, movie ticket and other small gifts. Informal programs will work in any environment either locally or internationally. Chang, Chan, Gudmundsson, and Sawang (2011) argue that internalized motivation can create creativeness and corporation among the workers (p.9). Thus for the managers of the corporation to motivate their employees in the work place in all the branches where they are operating, they need to consider these programs. Informal programs will work even in very diverse environment such as multicultural environment since the employees who are choosing need to be rewarded and recognized in their work place. These programs will also help to eliminate any form of discrimination that may arise in such environment when managers and supervisors are choosing the employees to be rewarded or recognized. Understanding and counseling program It is the role of the organization managers to encourage and motivate their employees to attain higher goals. Van, Cees, Berens, and Dijkstra (2009) indicates that developing capabilities of employees is important in any organization (p.197). It is important for the managers to understand each employee is different and require motivational needs that are different. According Blaskova (2010), an individual approach is one of the best methods of motivating employees (p.9). The abilities of each worker are different and this should be understood even when their work is being evaluated. Understanding the strengths and weakness of each employee will help managers to know which job is appropriate for them and what can be done to improve their performance. This will require managers to go extra mile and understand his or her employees beyond work environment to help in meeting their motivational needs. The performance of employee is usua lly affected by the challenges they are experiencing in their personal life such as marital issues, financial crises and other issues that matters in their life. Thus, it is important for managers to understand their employees on a personal basis to know how to motivate them. Some challenges that workers are facing require counseling which organization can plan by looking for appropriate counselors to help them to overcome those challenges. This situation may be made worse in a diverse working environment like in MNCs where employees come from different background with more diverse challenges. Challenges expected Implementing these strategies in three countries that differ in many ways is not easy. According to Bodolica (2007) dealing with workers in a foreign country can be a great challenge to the managers due to their diversity (p.9). India, Brazil, and Australia are politically, economically, and culturally different. Corporation managers need be flexible when they are motivatin g their workers in the three different countries. For instance, the three states are in different class economically where for instance Brazil and Australia are more developed compared with India. This means that the wage level in three countries will be the same. Brazil and Australia are more developed and their wage is high compared with India. India is a developing country where the cost of labor is cheap compared with that of the other countries and there the corporation has to come up with a compensation scheme that will motivate employees putting into consideration these differences. Secondly, the three countries have different cultures and managers have to ensure that these programs accommodate diverse employees. Creating a working environment that is conducive and diverse is not easy but necessary for the success of the corporation. Developing policy and procedures for ensuring equality requires managers to rise beyond their bias, prejudice, and stereotypes and use a profess ional approach that will motivate all the employees. Thirdly, implementing these programs may be expensive to the corporation as creating policies and procedures for eliminating any form of discrimination will require time and other resources. However as noted by Hardre and Reeve (2009), training of the managers will equip them with right skills to motivate their employees (p.65). Recommendations There is need for corporation to use an approach that is multidisciplinary for managers to motivate their employees more effectively. Here are some of the steps that managers need to apply in their effort to motivate their employees. Develop and implement proper policies and procedures that will create fairness and equality in the working environment. This will help to eliminate all forms of discrimination in the corporation. Ensure fairness in the recruitment, job evaluation, and promotion where employees will be recognized according to their performance and not on any other basis. Create rewarding and recognition schemes to appreciate employees who perform well in their job. Create a working environment that is conducive for all workers where all employees treat each other with respect and dignity irrespective of their differences. Create programs for understanding and counseling employees as way of meeting their motivational needs. Conclusion The managers of this MNC need to employ several strategies to motivate their employees to give their best. This may include rewarding and appreciating employees, equality in work place, counseling, and understanding employees among others. A diverse approach is also necessary in all the three countries to help improve performance of all workers. Recommendations given above also need to be implemented in all regions as way motivating workers to increase their out to the corporation. Understanding employees is a good strategy will help to solve their personal issues. Reference List Anderfuhren, S., Varone, F., Giauque, D. Ritz, A., 2010. Motivating Employees of the Public Sector: Does Public Service Motivation Matter? International  Public Management Journal, 13 (3), pp.213-246. Blaskova, M., 2010. Creative Proactive-Concluding Theory of Motivating.  Business: Theory Practice, 11, pp.39-48. Bodolica, V., 2007. Motivating Vietnamese Employees and Managers in an American Joint Venture: What a Challenge! Asian Case Research Journal, 11, pp.59-77. Chang, A., Chan, F., Gudmundsson, A., Sawang, S., 2011. Motivating Blue Collar Employees: A Case Study of the Chinese Workforce. Journal of  Asia-Pacific Business, 12, pp.69-85. Dewhurst, M., Guthridge, M., Mohr, E., 2010. Motivating People: Getting beyond Money. McKinsey Quarterly, 3 (6), pp.12-15. Hardre, P., Reeve, J., 2009. Training Corporate Managers to adopt a more Autonomy-Supportive Motivating Style toward Employees: An Intervention study. International Journal of Training Development, 13(3), pp.165-184. Honore, J., 2009. Employee Motivation. Cons ortium Journal of Hospitality   Tourism, 14, pp.63-75. Jacqueline, M., Milton, M., 2009. The Role of Leader Motivating Language in Employee Absenteeism. Journal of Business Communication, 46 (4), pp.455-479. Longeneker, C., 2011. How the BEST motivate workers. Industrial Management, 53, pp.8-13. Maxwell, R., Knox, S., 2009. Motivating Employees to Live the Brand: A Comparative Case Study of Employer Brand Attractiveness within the Firm. Journal of Marketing Management, 25 (9), pp.893-907. Obilade, S., 2009. Motivating Downsizing Survivors in Small Businesses.  Southern Business Review, 34 (2), pp.19-35. Poornima, S. C., 2009. Motivating Through Satisfaction: An Ongoing Effort of HR in Organizations. ICFAI Journal of Management Research, 8 (5), pp.26-37. Sharbrough, W., 2006. Motivating Language in Industry. Journal of Business  Communication, 43 (4), pp.322-343. Van, M., Berens, G. Dijkstra, M., 2009. Stimulating Strategically Aligned Behavior among Employees. Journal of Ma nagement Studies, 46 (7), pp.1197-1226. Wegge, J., Van Dick, R., Fisher, G., Wecking, C. Moltzen, K., 2006. Work Motivation, Organizational Identification, and well-being in call centre work. Work Stress, 20 (1), pp.60-83.

Unit 1 -IP- Research Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 1 -IP- Research Strategy - Essay Example Consequently, crime rate in US is increasing at a consistent rate for last two decades. At the same time, it is suggested to law enforcement agencies to cultivate a culture of critical information sharing in the public through offering financial rewards. In this way, people will get motivated towards pointing out criminals in the society. This development may well serve as a substitute for unannounced public surveillance (Koppen, Eleffers, & Ruiter, 2011). In parallel, this paper will accumulate necessary information about the phenomenon of public surveillance, through series of focus group discussion with governmental officials in order to document their viewpoint. On the other hand, public opinion will also be summarized through a similar technique (Muller, 2011). Notably, this research will develop its argument through qualitative means. Because, of the subjective nature of issue at hand. In this way, interviewers can abstract meanings from other sources such as body language and other similar factors. On the ethical front, this research will not disclose any participant’s identity. At the same time, the research procedure will be kept transparent through reporting the views of public and government in their original form (Sofaer & Eyal, 2010). However, general public management implications may be derived from the information collected. Koppen, M., Eleffers, H., & Ruiter, S. (2011). When to Refrain from Using Likelihood Surface Methods for Geographic Offender Profiling: An Ex Ante Test of Assumptions. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 8 ,

The Attitude and Action of York University Students with Regard to Research Paper

The Attitude and Action of York University Students with Regard to Medical Transplant and Organ Donation - Research Paper Example This research was driven by five objectives namely: to establish how students in York University (YU) perceive organ transplants (OT); to investigate the incidence of OT in the United States of America; to establish the attitude of students in YU towards medical transplants and organ donations; to identify the action of YU towards OT; and to identify countermeasures that can be put in place so that students in YU embrace and perceive OT positively. Chapter one of the study included the background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, study objectives, research questions, significance of the study, limitations of the study, scope of the study, assumption of study and definition of terms. Chapter two of the study offers an outline of medical transplants and organ donations. These ideas are going to introduce key concepts and understandings that link to the purpose and field of research. Chapter three describes the research design that provides information regard ing the population of the study, sample size and sampling procedure, instrumentation, data collection and data analysis techniques. Chapter four deals with data presentation and analysis; after data collection, the data was recorded. This data was interpreted and analyzed in order to draw varied conclusions from it, and gather meaningful information. Chapter five illustrates the summary of findings based on the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered. Keywords: organ transplant, organ donation CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of The Study Organ transplantation refers to the surgical removal of one or many organs from one person (the donor) to place it into the body of another person (the recipient) commonly for medical reasons. In most cases, the donated organs are derived from dead people, but in some times, these organs can be removed from living beings (Ballard, 2009). Commonly transplanted organs are the liver, kidney, pancreas, intestines, heart, liver an d lungs. Commonly transplanted tissues include the middle ear, skin, bone, heart valves, tendons, ligaments, stem cells, blood, platelets, cartilage and the cornea. The need for organ transplantation in the US and in the world as a whole has continued to rise in the recent past. Numbers of those needing OT in the USA, and in the world in general have continued to rise, even exceeding the available donors for this procedure. The shortage is so massive such that, approximately 20 OT patients die daily due to the afore-mentioned shortage. Statistics have revealed that over 4000 people register to undergo the procedure every month. Furthermore, about 80 people receive new organs every day in the US alone (Durrette, 2009). 1.2 Statement of the Problem For all its benefits and success, OT has received various criticisms and ethical concerns, which has reduced the number of people who are willing to donate organs. Various attitudes exist concerning the practice, and this is impacting negat ively on the success rate of the procedure (Finn, 2010). Unless these are addressed, the bridge between organ donors and recipients will keep increasing. 1.3 Purpose of Study The purpose of the study is to determine the attitude and action of York University students with regard to medical